Causes / Risk Factors

All About Shoulder Pain

Risk factors for frozen shoulders

  • Ageing - In Japan frozen shoulder syndrome is called ‘Fifties Shoulder’
  • Posture - especially round-shouldered
  • Shoulder intensive sports
  • Shoulder intensive or repetitive manual occupation
  • Diabetes - types I and II
  • Trauma
  • Immobilisation / splinting
  • Fracture of the collar bone or humerus (arm bone)
  • Surgery (especially after shoulder surgery and mastectomy with breast reconstruction)

Causes of Frozen Shoulder Syndrome

The causes of frozen shoulder (or Adhesive Capsulitis) are poorly understood. Dr Duplay first described the syndrome in the late 19th Century. It often appears for no apparent reason (primary) but can stem from an injury to the shoulder (secondary). In our experience it tends to start with a ‘tweak’ in the shoulder that doesn’t seem to resolve. Often after reaching behind – for example on to the back seat of the car! This ‘tweak’ seems to occur in the region of the long head of the biceps; it is the cause of that horrible sharp catching pain. It is interesting to note here that it almost never re-occurs in the same shoulder.

There are several theories as to why FSS may develop; we are constantly working to do further research into shoulder problems:

Hormonal - It occurs more commonly in females about the same time as the menopause. However, why should it affect men?
Genetic - Several studies have indicated a genetic component for developing a Frozen shoulder. For example, there have been cases where identical twins have suffered at the exact same time. It is also a condition that can run in the family.
Autoimmune - There is a theory that the body mounts a rejection type reaction to damaged shoulder tendons, perceiving them to be foreign material. This may also explain why it does not return on the same side.
Postural - The most convincing study results yet have indicated that long-standing round-shouldered posture causes a shortening in one of the shoulder ligaments. This chronic ligamentous shortening seems to be very closely associated with the Frozen Shoulder. But why does it sometimes occur in patients with good posture? The Niel-Asher Techniqueä specifically addresses this.